Purple-faced langur sitting on a tree branch in Sri Lanka

Purple-faced Langur: A Guide to Sri Lanka’s Unique Endemic Monkey

Semnopithecus vetulus

The Purple-faced langur, or purple-faced leaf monkey, is an arboreal Old World monkey endemic to Sri Lanka. This shy primate is distinguished by its dark, purplish-black face, prominent white sideburns, and a predominantly dark grayish-brown body. As a folivorous species, it spends much of its time in the forest canopy, with a specialized stomach adapted to digest complex carbohydrates found in leaves. Rapid urbanization and deforestation have severely impacted its habitat, leading to its classification as an endangered species.
  • The Purple-faced langur is an arboreal species, meaning it primarily lives in trees and rarely descends to the ground.
  • It has a specialized digestive system with a multi-chambered stomach and unique bacteria that allow it to consume and extract nutrients from a diet consisting mostly of leaves.
  • It has four subspecies, each found in a different geographical zone of Sri Lanka, including the western, southern, dry-zone, and montane races.
  • The montane subspecies, found in places like Horton Plains, is also known as the “bear monkey” due to its shaggy, dark coat adapted to the colder climate.